Cancer is a group of diseases associated with cells that are not subject to normal growth and differentiation control, characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation to form tumors. It usually manifests as abnormal cells that are unable to be normally restricted in the body and continue to proliferate and divide, forming tumors. These tumors can appear in different parts of the body, including organs, tissues, and blood. Normally, cells in the body follow an orderly process of growth and differentiation. However, cancer occurs due to mutations in the genetic material (DNA) within the cell that cause the cell to lose its normal growth control mechanisms. These mutations can be caused by genetic factors, environmental exposures (e.g., smoking, radiation), and other factors.
Mutated cells from cancer can gather to form tumors. Tumors are divided into two categories: malignant and benign. Malignant tumors refer to cancers that have the ability to grow and spread without restriction, invade surrounding tissues, and spread to other sites through the blood or lymphatic system, forming metastases. Benign tumors are relatively small and usually do not spread to other sites, but may have some effect on surrounding tissues. The clinical manifestations of cancer vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. Some common cancer symptoms include pain, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and malaise. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve a patient's survival rate and chances of recovery. Each type of cancer has its own specific characteristics, there are various types of cancer and they are categorized according to where they occur, the type of cells, and the characteristics of the pathology. For example, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, bowel cancer and rectal cancer are just some of the types of cancer, in fact, there are many other types of cancer. Cancer treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. So treatment options are usually determined by the type of cancer. So what behaviors aggravate cancer? Diets high in fat, sugar, and salt have been linked to a number of cancers, such as colon, pancreatic, and breast cancers. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are major risk factors for many cancers, especially lung, oral cavity, and esophageal cancers. As we age, cellular repair and protective mechanisms may become less effective than when we were younger, increasing the risk of cancer. That's why certain cancers are associated with changes in hormone levels, such as hormone exposure that may lead to breast and endometrial cancers. Compromise of the immune system may lead to abnormal cell proliferation, increasing the risk of cancer. The immune system monitors and removes abnormal cells as an important mechanism for cancer prevention. Inherited mutations and genetic variants may increase an individual's risk of cancer. Some people with a family history of cancer may carry specific genetic variants that make them more susceptible to cancer.
Cancer is likewise closely related to age, and as we age, our bodies are less fit than they were before, and our risk of developing cancer increases. The older population (65 years and older) is usually more susceptible to cancer, which may be related to cell repair and weakened immune function with age. For example, colon, prostate, and breast cancers are more common in older adults. However some cancers are more common in the middle-aged population (40 to 65 years old), including lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. These cancers are more likely to occur at older ages for physical reasons. Although certain types of cancers are more common in specific age groups, there is no absolute rule and each person's situation is unique. In addition, some cancers may have the potential to occur in all age groups.
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